Understanding blepharitis

What is blepharitis?

Blepharitis is a common but often under-diagnosed condition that is characterized by chronic inflammation of the eyelids. It is caused by a malfunction in the sebaceous glands located along the edge of the eyelids. When these glands become defective, they produce excess sebum and dead skin. This accumulation of debris causes irritation to the eyelid and the surface of the eye. There are two forms of blepharitis: anterior blepharitis, which affects the eyelashes, and posterior blepharitis, which affects the meibomian glands.

Blepharitis symptoms

Blepharitis can have a set of characteristic symptoms, such as:

1. Itchy and irritated eyelids: The eyelids can become particularly itchy, causing itching and redness.
2. Burning sensation: Some individuals with blepharitis experience a burning or tingling sensation in their eyes.
3. Formation of scabs and fatty deposits: Scabs or fatty deposits can form along the lashes, which can cause a feeling of roughness and discomfort.
4. Dry eye: Blepharitis can interfere with tear production, causing the eye to feel dry and irritated.
5. Watery eyes and light sensitivity: Some individuals may notice that their eyes are more watery and that they are more sensitive to light.

It is important to recognize these symptoms early in order to receive appropriate treatment to relieve blepharitis.

Causes and risk factors

Causes of Blepharitis

Blepharitis can be caused by a variety of things, including:

• Meibomian gland dysfunction: The anomaly in the functioning of these glands located along the eyelids can lead to blepharitis.
• Bacterial infection: A bacterial infection, often caused by bacteria such as staph, can trigger blepharitis.
• Skin disorders: Some skin disorders such as eczema or rosacea may be associated with blepharitis.
• Eye allergies: Allergies to pollen, dust, or other substances can also cause eyelid irritation and contribute to the development of blepharitis.
• Demodex infestation: Demodex, a microscopic parasite that occurs naturally on eyelashes, can also cause blepharitis when it overgrows.

Associated risk factors

Some factors may increase the risk of developing blepharitis:

• Dry eye: People who suffer from dry eyes are more likely to develop blepharitis.
• Hormones: Hormonal changes, such as those that occur during youthful acne or menopause, can increase the chances of blepharitis.
• Stress and fatigue: Chronic stress and fatigue can weaken the immune system and make it more susceptible to eye infections.
• Wearing contact lenses: Contact lenses can promote the accumulation of eye waste and increase the risk of blepharitis.
• Asthma and allergies: People with asthma or allergies have a higher risk of developing blepharitis.
• Family history: A family history of blepharitis may increase the likelihood of developing this condition.

It is important to consider these causes and risk factors in order to better understand blepharitis and to take the necessary steps to prevent and treat it.

Diagnosis of blepharitis

Diagnostic process

The diagnosis of blepharitis is based on:

• Slit lamp examination to assess the eyelids
• Schirmer test to measure tear secretion
• Analysis of the quality of the tear film
• Looking for signs of inflammation or infection

Importance of an accurate diagnosis

A thorough diagnosis is crucial, as it allows you to:

• Determine the type of blepharitis (anterior or posterior)
• Identify the underlying cause (infection, allergy, skin disorder...)
• Prescribe the most appropriate treatment according to the patient's profile

What are the treatments for blepharitis?

Treatment options

Possible treatments are:

• Hygiene care with cleaning gels or wipes
• Massages to unclog the meibomian glands
• Topical or oral antibiotics in case of infection
• Hot compresses
• Lubricating drops or artificial tears
• Anti-inflammatory medications (topical corticosteroids)

Choosing the appropriate treatment

Treatment is selected based on:

• The cause and severity of blepharitis
• The age of the patient
• His medical history and possible allergies

An approach combining hygiene care and medication is often required.

Conclusion

In summary, blepharitis is a common but under-diagnosed ocular pathology that should not be overlooked. Daily eyelid care, combined with medical treatment if necessary, can in most cases control this condition. Do not hesitate to consult an optometrist to confirm the diagnosis and define an effective therapeutic strategy.